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Household Wastewater Treatment Assessment

Why should I be concerned?

Virtually all farmsteads use a septic tank system. These systems are generally economical and safe. A properly designed, installed, and maintained system minimizes the impact of that system on groundwater and surface water.

However, the septic system is a potential source for disease-causing bacteria, infectious viruses, household chemicals, and nitrate. If the system is not functioning properly, it is possible that the drinking water source can be affected and threaten the overall health and well-being of your family.

The goal of ARKANSAS Farm*A*Syst is to help you protect your drinking water supply.

How will this work sheet help me protect my drinking water?

  • It will take you step-by-step through your household wastewater treatment practices.
     
  • It will rank your activities according to how they might affect the groundwater that provides your drinking water supplies.
     
  • It will provide you with easy-to-understand rankings that will help you analyze the "risk level" of your household wastewater treatment practices.
     
  • It will help you determine which of your practices are reasonably safe and effective, and which practices might require modification to better protect your drinking water.

How do I complete the work sheet?

Follow the directions below.

Directions

  1. Use a pencil. You may want to make changes.
     
  2. For each category listed on the left that is appropriate to your farmstead, read across to the right and circle the statement that best describes your situation. Skip and leave blank any areas that don't apply.
     
  3. Look above the description you circled to find the rank number (4, 3, 2, or 1) and enter that number on dashed line under "YOUR RANK" column.
     
  4. Directions on overall scoring appear at the end of the work sheet.
LOW RISK
(rank 4)
LOW-MOD RISK
(rank 3)
MOD-HIGH RISK
(rank 2)
HIGH RISK
(rank 1)

YOUR RANK

SYSTEM LOCATION
In relation to well
System is downslope more than 100 feet from well. Tank at grade or upslope more than 100 feet from well. Tank downslope less than 100 feet from well. Tank at grade or upslope less than 100 feet from well.
In relation to trees
No trees within 50 feet of absorption field. Big trees within 25 to 50 feet of absorption field. Big trees within 10 to 25 feet of absorption field.

Trees or shrubs within 10 feet of absorption field.
In relation to soils under absorption field trenches
Medium- or fine-textured soils ­ silt loam, loam, clay loam, clay. Medium- to coarse-textured soils ­ sandy loam, sands.
Gravelly. Fractured bedrock or limestone.
SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
Pumping out septic tank
Check scum and sludge levels each year or pump out every 4 years or less. Check scum and sludge levels every 2 years or pump out every 4 to 6 years.


More than 6 years between pumpouts. Don't know if ever pumped out or don't remember the year it was done.
Traffic over system
Never driven vehicles or farm equipment over system.
Only occasionally drive vehicles over system but never heavier farm equipment.

Frequently drive over system with vehicles or occasionally with heavier farm equipment. Routinely drive over system with heavier farm equipment.

Root plugging lines
Never had a problem with roots in system lines.
Routinely add root inhibitor (example ­ copper sulfate) to system or have cut back roots from lines. Add a root inhibitor (example ­ copper sulfate) if suspect a problem.
Had roots mechanically cleaned from lines at least once and have made no effort to prevent regrowth into lines.
HOUSEHOLD PRACTICES
Water use
Have water-saving fixtures, good maintenance of fixture leaks, and follow most water conservation recommendations. Have some water-saving fixtures, fair maintenance of fixture leaks, and follow some water conservation recommendations. No water-saving fixtures, poor maintenance of fixture leaks, but follow some water conservation recommendations. No water-saving fixtures, poor maintenance of fixture leaks, and don't follow any water conservation recommendations.

Waste going into septic system
Garbage disposal
Don't use. Minimum use (1-2 times per week). Medium use (3-5 times per week). Daily use.
Kitchen sink
No disposal of grease, oil, fat, or coffee grounds. Minimum disposal of grease, oil, fat, or coffee grounds (1 time per week). Moderate disposal of grease, oil, fat, or coffee grounds (2-3 times per week).
Extensive disposal of grease, oil, fat, or coffee grounds (almost daily).
Toxic substances
Never dispose of paints, solvents, pesticides, etc., in system. Minimal disposal of paints, solvents, pesticides, etc., in system (1 time per year). Moderate disposal of paints, solvents, pesticides, etc., in system (2-3 times per year). Disposal of paints, solvents, pesticides, etc., in system more than 3 times per year.
Toilet
No disposal of paper towels, sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, cigarette butts, etc. Occasionally dispose of paper towels, sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, cigarette butts, etc. (1-3 times per month). Frequently dispose of paper towels, sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, cigarette butts, etc. (3-4 times per month). Disposal of paper towels, sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, cigarette butts, etc., in toilet more than 4 times per month.
CONCERNS
Septic system age
Less than 10 years old. 10-20 years old. 20-30 years old. Over 30 years old.
Sewer backup into house
Never. Sometimes ­ once per year or less. Occasionally ­ 1 to 3 times per year. Frequently ­ more than 3 times per year.
Sink, tub, shower, and wash water disposal
Goes into septic tank. Piped to an outlet downslope and 100 feet from any water source. Piped to an outlet upslope and greater than 100 feet from any water source. Piped to an outlet upslope from and within 100 feet of a water source.
Surfacing of sewage
Never notice.
Notice 1 or 2 times per year.
Notice more than 2 times per year.
Green grass, septic smell, and wet soil conditions exist around absorption field nearly all the time.
  RANKINGS TOTAL
(Add up numbers in Your Rank column)
  
  # OF AREAS RANKED
(15 if ranked all)
 
  Use these two numbers to calculate your risk ranking.

Fact SheetRisk Ranking


© 2006
University of Arkansas
Division of Agriculture
All rights reserved.
Last Date Modified 10/20/2009
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University of Arkansas • Division of Agriculture
Cooperative Extension Service
2301 South University Avenue
Little Rock, Arkansas 72204 • USA
Phone (501) 671-2000 • Fax (501) 671-2209
 

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