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Poultry Litter Management and Carcass Disposal Assessment

Why should I be concerned?

Some of the nutrients contained in poultry wastes are mobile and easily leached from litter and dead bird compost residues.

The litter from one 20,000-bird flock, finishing at 5 1/2 pounds per bird, contains about one ton of total nitrogen. If 10 percent of this amount is leached into the soil and converted into the nitrate form, 200 pounds of nitrate nitrogen is produced. What happens to the nitrogen after leaching depends on several factors, but it can result in the pollution of groundwater or surface water.

The manner in which litter is stored and land applied can make a big difference in its value as fertilizer. Unprotected litter and dead bird carcasses that are improperly handled may pollute farmstead water sources. They also pose a health threat to other animals.

The goal of ARKANSAS Farm*A*Syst is to help you protect your drinking water supply.

How will this work sheet help me protect my drinking water?

  • It will take you step-by-step through your poultry litter management and carcass disposal practices.
     
  • It will rank your activities according to how they might affect the groundwater that provides your drinking water supplies.
     
  • It will provide you with easy-to-understand rankings that will help you analyze the "risk level" of your poultry litter management and carcass disposal practices.
     
  • It will help you determine which of your practices are reasonably safe and effective, and which practices might require some modification to better protect your drinking water.

How do I complete the work sheet?

Follow the directions below.

Directions

  1. Use a pencil. You may want to make changes.
     
  2. For each category listed on the left that is appropriate to your farmstead, read across to the right and circle the statement that best describes your situation. Skip and leave blank any areas that don't apply.
     
  3. Look above the description you circled to find the rank number (4, 3, 2, or 1) and enter that number on dashed line under "YOUR RANK" column.
     
  4. Directions on overall scoring appear at the end of the work sheet.
LOW RISK
(rank 4)
LOW-MOD RISK
 (rank 3)
MOD-HIGH RISK
 (rank 2)
HIGH RISK
(rank 1)
YOUR
RANK
• Litter storage
Litter is stored in a non-leaking stacking shed with a concrete floor. Litter is temporarily stacked on a restrictive surface (concrete, 6-mil plastic, clay layer, etc.) at least 100 feet downslope from the well. Stacks are protected from rainwater by a 6-mil plastic cover. Surface water is diverted around the stacks.

Litter is routinely stacked at least 100 feet downslope from the well but is exposed to either rainwater or surface water. Litter is stacked less than 100 feet from the well and is exposed to either rainwater or surface water.
• Carcass disposal
All carcasses are collected and treated in a well-designed and functioning compost bin. Carcasses are disposed of by an approved non-compost method according to guidelines provided by the Livestock and Poultry Commission.
Carcasses are disposed of in pits. Carcasses are piled on the ground or thrown into a gully or ravine.  
LAND APPLICATION OF LITTER OR COMPOST RESIDUES
• Application rates
Litter and compost residues are applied to fields at rates that are just high enough to meet crop nutrient requirements based on a nutrient management plan. Litter and compost residues are applied to cropped fields at rates that do not exceed 2.5 tons/acre/ application, and do not exceed 5 tons/ acre/year. Soils in application areas are tested yearly for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

Litter and compost residues are applied to cropped fields at rates that do not exceed 2.5 tons/acre/ application, and do not exceed 5 tons/ acre/year. Soils in the application areas are not tested. Litter and compost residues are applied to cropped lands at rates that exceed 2.5 tons/acre/application, or exceed 5 tons/acre/ year; or these wastes are applied to uncropped lands at any rate.
• Record keeping
Good records kept on farm applications and wastes leaving farm through sales or giving away.

Fair records kept on farm applications and wastes leaving farm through sales or giving away. Fair records kept on farm applications but no records on wastes leaving farm. No records kept.
• Application timing
According to accurate nutrient accounting or AWMP. Never apply on frozen or saturated soil. Based on when crop is at growth stage that it usually needs fertilizing. Try to avoid applying in wet conditions.


Based on when can get around to it. Sometimes apply when soil is wet or frozen. Based only on when litter is cleaned out of houses.
• Application areas
All areas are more than 25 feet from rock outcrops, 100 feet from surface water sources, wells, dwellings, or sinkholes and have slopes of 15% or less. Or all areas are approved by a nutrient management plan. Most areas are more than 25 feet from rock outcrops, 100 feet from surface water sources, wells, dwellings, or sinkholes and have slopes of 15% or less. Or most areas are approved by a nutrient management plan. Several areas are less than 25 feet from rock outcrops, or less than 100 feet from surface water sources, wells, dwellings, or sinkholes, or have slopes greater than 15%.

Litter is nearly always spread over areas that are less than 25 feet from rock outcrops, or less than 100 feet from surface water sources, wells, dwellings, or sinkholes, or that have slopes greater than 15%.
• Calibration
Waste application equipment is calibrated to proper application rate before each application and checked at least once during the application period. Applications are made uniformly over the area. Waste application equipment is calibrated before each application but not rechecked during the application period. No effort made to assure applying waste uniformly over the area. Use custom waste hauler and applicator and assume they calibrate their equipment. Or calibrate your equipment only once a year.
Never calibrate waste application equipment or ask custom applicator about his calibration procedure.

  RANKINGS TOTAL
(Add up numbers in Your Rank column)
 
# OF AREAS RANKED
(7 if ranked all)
 
Use these two numbers to calculate risk ranking.

Fact SheetRisk Ranking


© 2006
University of Arkansas
Division of Agriculture
All rights reserved.
Last Date Modified 11/15/2007
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University of Arkansas • Division of Agriculture
Cooperative Extension Service
2301 South University Avenue
Little Rock, Arkansas 72204 • USA
Phone (501) 671-2000 • Fax (501) 671-2209
 

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